Lots of things. They're called Ice Pick headaches because it feels like somebody's jabbing you in the head with an ice pick. I get them all the time from my neck issues and also from my sinusitis.
Is there any indication of trauma like a bump or bruising, rash? Is your vision being effected? Is the pain all time or off and on? It's hard to say without more detail but I would suggest you go see your doctor and have it checked out, they could make a proper assessment for you.
I get pain behind my eyes and in my temple, I think it is due to stress because when I am at home, not at school it happens no way near as much and when I'm not worrying about diseases (I have Hypochondria), it doesn't affect me at all really. It's on and off when it does happen.
I got the same thing but I was hit in the temple by full power punch during a fight - didn't see it coming - but that was like 15 years ago. I don't know if pain today is still related? At the time, I couldn't even open my jaw to eat cause the strings attach from the temple to the jaw - stretching it was too painful I had to eat through a straw for a week.